A. Knowledge and Science
Knowledge (knowledge) is something that is known directly from experience, based on the senses, and processed by the mind spontaneously. In essence, knowledge is spontaneous, subjective and intuitive. Knowledge is closely related to the truth, that the fit between human knowledge and reality that exist on the object.
Knowledge can be divided into non-scientific knowledge and pre-scientific knowledge. Non-scientific knowledge is the result of uptake of the senses to the experience of everyday life that are not necessary and may not verifiable. Non-scientific knowledge can not be developed into a science. For example, specific knowledge about the jinn or spirits in certain places, the power of inheritance, and others. Knowledge is the result of uptake prailmiah sense and rational thought are open to further testing using scientific methods. For example, knowledge of people about the benefits of guava leaf decoction for reducing symptoms of diarrhea.
Science (science) comes from the Latin scientia means knowledge. Science is understood as a process of disciplined inquiry. Science aims to predict and understand the phenomena of nature.
Knowledge is knowledge that has been reprocessed and methodically organized, systematic, consistent and coherent. In order for knowledge to be a science, then the knowledge had to be sorted (into a certain field of reality) and arranged in a methodical, systematic and consistent. The goal is that the experience had been able to return more clearly expressed, detailed and rigorous.
Methodical, means the process of finding and cultivating the knowledge to use a particular method, not haphazard. Systematic means in an attempt to find the truth and describe the knowledge acquired, using specific steps ordered and directed that it becomes an integrated whole. Coherent, meaningful descriptions of each part of science is a series of interrelated and compatibility (consistent).
While an attempt to discover, develop and test the truth of a knowledge-called research (research). Efforts were made by using the scientific method.
Science or scientific knowledge can be divided into:
Knowledge (knowledge) is something that is known directly from experience, based on the senses, and processed by the mind spontaneously. In essence, knowledge is spontaneous, subjective and intuitive. Knowledge is closely related to the truth, that the fit between human knowledge and reality that exist on the object.
Knowledge can be divided into non-scientific knowledge and pre-scientific knowledge. Non-scientific knowledge is the result of uptake of the senses to the experience of everyday life that are not necessary and may not verifiable. Non-scientific knowledge can not be developed into a science. For example, specific knowledge about the jinn or spirits in certain places, the power of inheritance, and others. Knowledge is the result of uptake prailmiah sense and rational thought are open to further testing using scientific methods. For example, knowledge of people about the benefits of guava leaf decoction for reducing symptoms of diarrhea.
Science (science) comes from the Latin scientia means knowledge. Science is understood as a process of disciplined inquiry. Science aims to predict and understand the phenomena of nature.
Knowledge is knowledge that has been reprocessed and methodically organized, systematic, consistent and coherent. In order for knowledge to be a science, then the knowledge had to be sorted (into a certain field of reality) and arranged in a methodical, systematic and consistent. The goal is that the experience had been able to return more clearly expressed, detailed and rigorous.
Methodical, means the process of finding and cultivating the knowledge to use a particular method, not haphazard. Systematic means in an attempt to find the truth and describe the knowledge acquired, using specific steps ordered and directed that it becomes an integrated whole. Coherent, meaningful descriptions of each part of science is a series of interrelated and compatibility (consistent).
While an attempt to discover, develop and test the truth of a knowledge-called research (research). Efforts were made by using the scientific method.
Science or scientific knowledge can be divided into:
1. Science-Quantitative physical, often called empirical knowledge. This knowledge is gained through the process of observation and analysis of data and empirical phenomena. Included in this science is geology, biology, anthropology, sociology, and others.
2. -Qualitative Formal Sciences, commonly referred to mathematical knowledge. This knowledge is obtained by analysis of reflection to look for relationships between concepts. Included in this knowledge is formal logic, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and others.
3. -Substantial metaphysical studies, often called the philosophy of knowledge. Philosophy of knowledge obtained by the analysis of reflection (understanding, interpretation, speculation, critical judgment, logical rational) to find the essence of the principle underlying the existence of all reality.
B. Understanding the Scientific Method
Scientific method is a systematic way that is used by scientists to solve problems. This method uses a systematic step-by-step, orderly and controlled. Implementation of the scientific method includes six stages:
2. -Qualitative Formal Sciences, commonly referred to mathematical knowledge. This knowledge is obtained by analysis of reflection to look for relationships between concepts. Included in this knowledge is formal logic, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and others.
3. -Substantial metaphysical studies, often called the philosophy of knowledge. Philosophy of knowledge obtained by the analysis of reflection (understanding, interpretation, speculation, critical judgment, logical rational) to find the essence of the principle underlying the existence of all reality.
B. Understanding the Scientific Method
Scientific method is a systematic way that is used by scientists to solve problems. This method uses a systematic step-by-step, orderly and controlled. Implementation of the scientific method includes six stages:
1. Formulate the problem. The problem is something that must be resolved.
2. Gathering the information, ie any information that leads and close on problem solving. Often referred to also review the theory or literature review.
3. Develop a hypothesis. The hypothesis is based on the answers while the data or information obtained during the observations or the literature review.
4. Test this hypothesis by conducting experiments or research.
5. Process the data (results) experiments by using statistical methods to produce conclusions. The results with this method is the objective data, not influenced by the subjectivity of the research scientist and universal (done anywhere and by anyone who will give the same result).
6. Test the conclusions. To assure the truth of the hypothesis through experimental results necessary to retest. If test results continue to support the hypothesis that the hypothesis could be a rule (law) and even a theory.
The scientific method is based on scientific attitudes. Scientific attitude should be owned by every research and scholars. The scientific attitude in question are:
2. Gathering the information, ie any information that leads and close on problem solving. Often referred to also review the theory or literature review.
3. Develop a hypothesis. The hypothesis is based on the answers while the data or information obtained during the observations or the literature review.
4. Test this hypothesis by conducting experiments or research.
5. Process the data (results) experiments by using statistical methods to produce conclusions. The results with this method is the objective data, not influenced by the subjectivity of the research scientist and universal (done anywhere and by anyone who will give the same result).
6. Test the conclusions. To assure the truth of the hypothesis through experimental results necessary to retest. If test results continue to support the hypothesis that the hypothesis could be a rule (law) and even a theory.
The scientific method is based on scientific attitudes. Scientific attitude should be owned by every research and scholars. The scientific attitude in question are:
1. Curiosity
2. Honest (to accept the reality of research results and not making this up)
3. Objective (according to the facts, and not influenced by personal feelings)
4. Perseverance (not desperate)
5. Carefully (not careless and do not make mistakes)
6. Open (the right to accept the opinion of others)
C. Scientific Research
One important thing in the world of science is the study (research). Research comes from the word meaning to go back and re search, which means looking for, so that research or research can be defined as an effort to develop and assess the truth of knowledge.
A study must meet certain characteristics to be regarded as scientific research. Generally there are four characteristics of scientific research, yitu:
2. Honest (to accept the reality of research results and not making this up)
3. Objective (according to the facts, and not influenced by personal feelings)
4. Perseverance (not desperate)
5. Carefully (not careless and do not make mistakes)
6. Open (the right to accept the opinion of others)
C. Scientific Research
One important thing in the world of science is the study (research). Research comes from the word meaning to go back and re search, which means looking for, so that research or research can be defined as an effort to develop and assess the truth of knowledge.
A study must meet certain characteristics to be regarded as scientific research. Generally there are four characteristics of scientific research, yitu:
1. Systematic. Means that a study should be compiled and executed in sequence according to the patterns and rules are correct, from an easy and simple to complex.
2. Logical. A study is said to be reasonable and acceptable if based on empirical facts. Search for truth must take place according to the procedures or rules of the workings of reason, that is logic. The procedure can be used to logical thinking that is an inductive procedure to draw general conclusions from individual cases (special) or deductive procedure is a way of thinking to draw conclusions of a special nature of the statement of a general nature.
3. Empirical. This means that a study is usually based on everyday experiences (a posteriori fact, the facts of sense impression) that is found or the result of trial and error through which later was appointed as the research results. Basis of empirical research, there are three, namely:
a. Empirical things always have similarities and differences (no classification or comparison of one another)
b. Empirical things are always changing according to time
c. Empirical things can not be coincidence, but there is cause (there is a causal link)
4. Replicative. This means that a study conducted should be re-examined by other researchers and should provide similar results when performed with methods, criteria, and under the same conditions. In order to be replicative, preparation of operational definition of variables to be an important step for a researcher.
2. Logical. A study is said to be reasonable and acceptable if based on empirical facts. Search for truth must take place according to the procedures or rules of the workings of reason, that is logic. The procedure can be used to logical thinking that is an inductive procedure to draw general conclusions from individual cases (special) or deductive procedure is a way of thinking to draw conclusions of a special nature of the statement of a general nature.
3. Empirical. This means that a study is usually based on everyday experiences (a posteriori fact, the facts of sense impression) that is found or the result of trial and error through which later was appointed as the research results. Basis of empirical research, there are three, namely:
a. Empirical things always have similarities and differences (no classification or comparison of one another)
b. Empirical things are always changing according to time
c. Empirical things can not be coincidence, but there is cause (there is a causal link)
4. Replicative. This means that a study conducted should be re-examined by other researchers and should provide similar results when performed with methods, criteria, and under the same conditions. In order to be replicative, preparation of operational definition of variables to be an important step for a researcher.
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